• Botox

    Botulinum toxin is a protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, and is known to be highly neurotoxic. When introduced intravenously in monkeys, type A of the toxin exhibits an LD50 of 40-56 ng, type C1 around 32 ng, type D 3200 ng, and type E 88 ng, rendering the above types some of the most powerful neurotoxins known. Popularly known by one of its trade names, Botox, botulinum toxin is now commonly used for various cosmetic procedures.

    • Cosmetic

    The cosmetic effect of BTX-A on wrinkles was originally documented by a plastic surgeon from Sacramento, California, Dr. Richard Clark, and published in the journal Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery in 1989.Similar effects had reportedly been observed by a number of independent groups (Brin, and the Columbia University group). On April 15, 2002, the FDA announced the approval of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX Cosmetic) to temporarily improve the appearance of moderate-to-severe frown lines between the eyebrows (glabellar lines).{{Citation needed|date = July 2010) Cosmetic use of botulinum toxin type A has become widespread with many celebrities, such as Kim Kardashian, viewing it as less intrusive and/or artificial than other types of plastic surgery.


botox